Army Signal Corps unit, specifically a CH-291, likely a component of a larger communication system used in the field. Based on the "PH-52" designation, it may have been manufactured in 1952.
Various connectors and receptacles suggest it serves as an interface or distribution box for audio and power signals. The rugged, olive-drab metal case with latches and handles is typical of military equipment designed for field use.Inside are envelopes with additional wires. Please see pictures for details.